Daisy chain streaming mode

ABSTRACT

An apparatus such as a node in a daisy chain of electronic devices includes a serial data input port receive input from an electronic device in the daisy chain. The apparatus includes a serial data output port to send output to another electronic device in the daisy chain. The apparatus includes a chip select input port configured to receive input from a master control unit, and an interface circuit configured to, in a daisy chain streaming mode, and based on a received command and changed edge of a signal on the chip select input port, repeatedly: read data from a data source of the apparatus to yield data, output the data to the serial data output port, and copy other data received at the serial data input port to the serial data output port after the data.

PRIORITY

The present disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/893,202, filed Aug. 29, 2019, to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/893,209 filed Aug. 29, 2019, and to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/893,216 filed Aug. 29, 2019, thecontents of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to communication between microcontrollersand, more particularly, to a daisy chain streaming mode.

BACKGROUND

Microcontroller units (MCUs) and other electronic devices communicate ina variety of ways. However, their number of ports of communication islimited and the number of devices to connect to may be much larger thanthe number of ports. One way to optimize the usage of the MCU ports adaisy chain configuration, wherein such devices are connected one afterthe other to each other, and data is propagated from one device to thenext device. Daisy chain configurations are often used for largebackplane applications and may reduce the number of wires needed,compared to configurations wherein data transfer is in parallel betweensuch devices. A daisy chain configuration uses n ports, wherein n is thenumber of bits of data to be communicated between any two devices. Inthe case of serial communication, such as serial peripheral interface(SPI), n may be one. In contrast, wherein a parallel configuration mayrequire m ports, or m times n ports, wherein m is the number of devicesthat will communicate data to each other. If the number of ports on thedevice is limited, a daisy chain configuration may help conserve theusage of ports.

Daisy chain configuration may require an interface protocol thatfacilitates transferring commands and data throughout the daisy chainfrom one device to another. Inventors of embodiments of the presentdisclosure have discovered obstacles to streaming data from devices indaisy chain mode in a daisy chain. One such problem discovered byinventors of embodiments of the present disclosure is that daisy chainprotocols often suffer from large communication overhead, as simplyreplicating a read command throughout the daisy chain multiplies theread command length by the length of the chain. Moreover, if data has tobe retrieved from each device in the chain, a buffering of this data maytake place in each device in order to correctly transmit data fromdevices further up the daisy chain. The need for buffers may cause aneed for a larger die size to accommodate these buffers. Inventors ofembodiments of the present disclosure have discovered a daisy chainstreaming mode of operation for electronic devices that addresses one ormore of these discovered problems.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include an apparatus. Theapparatus may be a node or electronic device in a daisy chain. Theapparatus may include a serial data input port configured to receiveinput from a first electronic device in the daisy chain. The apparatusmay include a serial data output port configured to send output to asecond electronic device in the daisy chain. The apparatus may include achip select input port configured to receive input from a master controlunit. The apparatus may include an interface circuit configured to, in adaisy chain streaming mode, based on a received command and on a changededge of a chip select signal on the chip select input port, repeatedlyread data from a data source of the apparatus to yield data, output thedata to the serial data output port, and copy data received at theserial data input port to the serial data output port after the data.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include an apparatus. Theapparatus may be a master control unit for a daisy chain of electronicdevices. The apparatus may include a serial data output port configuredto send output data to a first electronic device of the daisy chain. Theapparatus may include a serial data input port configured to receiveinput data from a last electronic device of the daisy chain. Theapparatus may include a chip select output port configured to sendoutput to the electronic devices of the daisy chain. The apparatus mayinclude an interface circuit, configured to set the electronic devicesin a daisy chain streaming mode with a command issued through the serialdata output port and a first changed edge on a chip select signal issuedthrough the chip select output port. In the daisy chain streaming mode,each given electronic device is configured to repeatedly read data froma data source of the given electronic device to yield data, output thedata to a next electronic device in the daisy chain, and output areceived data received from a previous electronic device in the daisychain to the next electronic device in the daisy chain. The interfacecircuit may be configured to, through the serial data input port,receive a continuous stream of data read by the electronic devices, thecontinuous stream of data including at least two instances of data fromeach of the electronic devices.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a method for operatingan electronic device. The method may include a serial data input port.The method may include, through a serial data input port, receivinginput from a first electronic device. The method may include, through aserial data output port, sending output to a second electronic device.The method may include, through a chip select input port, receivinginput from a master control unit. The method may include, in a daisychain streaming mode, based on a received command and on a changed edgeof a chip select signal on the chip select input port, repeatedlyreading data from a data source of the apparatus to yield data,outputting the first data to the serial data output port, and copyingdata received at the serial data input port to the serial data outputport after the data.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a method for operatinga master control unit. The method may include, through a serial dataoutput port, sending output data to a first electronic device. Themethod may include, through a serial data input port, receiving inputdata from a second electronic device. The method may include, through achip select output port, sending output to electronic devices. Theelectronic devices may be connected in a daisy chain and include thefirst and second electronic devices. The method may include setting theelectronic devices in a daisy chain streaming mode with a command issuedthrough the serial data output port, and a changed edge on a chip selectsignal issued through the chip select output port. In the daisy chainstreaming mode, each given electronic device may repeatedly read datafrom a data source of the given electronic device to yield data, outputthe data to a next electronic device in the daisy chain, and output areceived data received from a previous electronic device in the daisychain to the next electronic device in the daisy chain. The method mayinclude, through the serial data input port, receiving a continuousstream of data read by the electronic devices, the continuous stream ofdata including at least two instances of data from each of theelectronic devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a system with daisy chained electronicdevices, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed illustration of a master control unit and ofan electronic device, according to embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are illustrations of timing diagrams of issuing a commandfor setting a streaming mode in a daisy chain of electronic devices, andthen performing the reading of data in a streaming mode, according toembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are illustrations of operation of a method for daisychain streaming for an electronic device, according to embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of operation of another method for daisy chainstreaming mode entry and command execution for a master control unit,according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include a system. The systemmay include electronic devices connected to one another in a daisy chainfashion. The electronic devices may include a master electronic deviceor master control unit and any suitable number of other electronicdevices. The electronic devices and master control units may beimplemented in the same manner or in a different manner. The electronicdevices and master control units may each include interface circuits.The interface circuits may be implemented in any suitable combination ofanalog circuitry, digital circuitry, or instructions for execution by aprocessor. The interface circuits may handle communication betweenelectronic devices and master control units. A master control unit maybe connected to each electronic device in any suitable manner. Forexample, the master control unit may be connected to each electronicdevice via a clock signal connection. The master control unit may beconnected to each electronic device via a chip select signal connection.The master control unit may be connected to a first electronic device inthe daisy chain through a serial data output port of the master controlunit and a serial data input port of the first electronic device. Agiven electronic device of the daisy chain may be connected to anotherelectronic device of the daisy chain through a serial data output portof the given electronic device and a serial data input port of the otherelectronic device. The master control unit may be connected to a lastelectronic device in the daisy chain through a serial data input port inthe master control unit and a serial data output port in the electronicdevice.

In combination with any of the above embodiments, an embodiment mayinclude an apparatus, such as an electronic device in the daisy chain.The electronic device may include a serial data input port configured toreceive input from a first, other electronic device or a master controlunit. The electronic device may include a serial data output portconfigured to send output to a second, other electronic device. Theelectronic device may include a chip select input port configured toreceive input from an electronic device such as a master control unit.

In combination with any of the above embodiments, the master controlunit may be configured to issue commands and data associated with thecommands to the electronic devices. When in daisy chain mode, electronicdevices may generally propagate information received on their serialdata input port to their serial data output port. The master controlunit may include a serial data output port configured to send outputdata to a first electronic device at the top of the daisy chain, aserial data input port configured to receive input data from a secondelectronic device at the end of the daisy chain, and a chip selectoutput port configured to send output to the electronic devices, and aninterface circuit.

In combination with any of the above embodiments, the apparatus of anelectronic device may include an interface circuit. The interfacecircuit may be configured to, in a daisy chain streaming mode, based ona first received command and on a first changed edge of a chip selectsignal on the chip select input port, repeatedly read data from a datasource of the apparatus to yield first data, output the first data tothe serial data output port, and copy data received at the serial datainput port to the serial data output port after the first data. Incombination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit maybe configured to repeat, without another reception of a second commandor additional signals received on the chip select input port, the stepsof reading data from the data source to yield first data, outputting thefirst data to the serial data output port, and copying data received atthe serial data input port to the serial data output port. Incombination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit maybe configured to enter the daisy chain streaming mode based uponreception of the first received command through the serial data inputport, and, subsequently, reception of one or more second changed edgesof the chip select signal on the chip select input port. In combinationwith any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit may beconfigured to output the first data to the serial data output port at atime based upon a position of the apparatus in a daisy chain ofelectronic devices, a length of data to be read by the apparatus, or anumber of electronic devices in the daisy chain of electronic devices.The position of the apparatus may be determined in any suitable manner.The length of data to be read by the apparatus, such as datalength, maybe based upon the received command. The number of electronic devices inthe daisy chain may be determined in any suitable manner. Using one ormore of the factors of the position, datalength, and number ofelectronic devices, the interface circuit may be configured to writedata to the next electronic device in a sequence with the otherelectronic devices such that no data conflicts occur. In combinationwith any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit may beconfigured to pause the steps of repeatedly outputting the first data tothe serial data output port and copying data received at the serial datainput port to the serial data output port based upon a second changededge of the chip select signal on the chip select input port. Incombination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit maybe configured to resume the steps of repeatedly outputting the firstdata to the serial data output port and copying data received at theserial data input port to the serial data output port based upon a thirdchanged edge of the chip select signal on the chip select input port.

In combination with any of the above embodiments, the master controlunit may include an interface circuit. The interface circuit may beconfigured to set the electronic devices in a daisy chain streaming modewith a first command issued through the serial data output port and afirst changed edge on a chip select signal issued through the chipselect output port. In the daisy chain streaming mode, each givenelectronic device is configured to repeatedly read data from a datasource of the given electronic device to yield first data, output thefirst data to a next electronic device in the daisy chain, and output areceived data received from a previous electronic device in the daisychain to the next electronic device in the daisy chain. In combinationwith any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit may beconfigured to, through the serial data input port, receive a continuousstream of data read by the electronic devices, the continuous stream ofdata including at least two instances of first data from each of theelectronic devices. In combination with any of the above embodiments,the interface circuit may be configured to cause the electronic devicesto repeatedly provide the continuous stream of data without issuance ofa second command or additional signals on the chip select output port.In combination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuitmay be configured to cause the electronic devices to enter the daisychain streaming mode based upon issuance of a second changed edge on achip select signal issued through the chip select output port. Incombination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit maybe configured to cause the electronic devices to output the first datato the serial data output port at a time based upon a position of the arespective electronic device in the daisy chain of electronic devices, alength of data to be read by each electronic devices, or a number ofelectronic devices in the daisy chain of electronic devices. Incombination with any of the above embodiments, the interface circuit maybe configured to pause the daisy chain streaming mode by issuing asecond changed edge of the chip select signal on the chip select outputport. In combination with any of the above embodiments, the interfacecircuit may be configured to resume the daisy chain streaming mode byissuing a third changed edge of the chip select signal on the chipselect output port.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a system 100 with daisy chained electronicdevices, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Anysuitable electronic devices may be daisy chained. For example, amicrocontroller unit (MCU) 101 may be a master or head node in system100. In another example, additional electronic devices 102A, 102B, 102Cmay be slave or sub nodes in system 100. Any suitable number and type ofelectronic devices may be used. For example, in some implementations,256 different electronic devices may be daisy chained in system 100. Theelectronic devices of system 100, such as MCU 101 and electronic devices102, may be implemented in a same manner or each in a different manner.

System 100 may be implemented within any suitable context. For example,system 100 may be implemented within a data sensor array, vehicle,control system, industrial automation, home automation, factory, testand validation system, or any other suitable application. System 100 maybe configured to read or write data via daisy chained serial interfacesin order to accomplish or further any suitable task in such contexts.

MCU 101 may include inputs and outputs, including master in slave output(MISO), configured to receive data from an end of the daisy chain ofsystem 100, such as output of electronic device 102C. MISO may bereceived through a MISO port. The MISO port may be a serial data inputport configured to receive input from other electronic devices. MCU 101may include an output for master output slave input (MOSI). MOSI may besent through a MOSI port. The MOSI port may be a serial data output portconfigured to send output to other electronic devices. For example, MCU101 which may be configured to send data to a first slave electronicdevice of the daisy chain of system 100, such as input to electronicdevice 102A, through the MO SI port. MCU 101 may include a port orpin(s) for a shared clock (SCK), which may be used as a shared clockoutput port to send a shared clock signal for timing of transfers. MCU101 may be configured to generate SCK, and it may be routed to each ofthe other electronic devices 102. MCU 101 may include a port or pin(s)for a chip select (CS) signal, which may be used to communicate variousinformation as discussed below. The CS port may be a chip select outputport configured to send input from a master device such as MCU 101 toelectronic devices 102. MCU 101 may be configured to generate the CSsignal, and it may be routed to each of the other electronic devices102. The CS signal may be manifested or evaluated in terms of aninverted or logical negative version of the CS signal, denoted as nCS.Any of MCU 101 or electronic devices 102 may be configured to generate aCS/nCS signal, and the CS/nCS signal may be routed to each of the otherelectronic devices 102 and MCU 101.

Electronic devices 102 may each include a serial data input (SDI) portor pin(s) configured to receive data input from MCU 101 or another oneof electronic devices 102. The SDI port may be a serial data input portconfigured to receive input from other electronic devices. Electronicdevices 102 may each include a serial data output (SDO) port or pin(s)configured to send data output to MCU 101 or another one of electronicdevices 102. The SDO port may be a serial data output port configured tosend output to other electronic devices. Electronic devices 102 mayinclude a shared clock input port to receive an SCK signal and a chipselect input port to receive CS or nCS signals. Electronic devices 102and MCU 101 may further include other suitable number and kind of ports.

MCU 101 and electronic devices 102 may use any suitable communicationprotocol, such as SPI. MCU 101 may be configured to issue commands ordata to electronic devices 102. Such commands may be issued seriallythrough the MOSI port of MCU 101 to the SDI port of electronic device102A, which may in turn serially propagate the command or data on toother electronic devices such as electronic device 102B through the SDOport of electronic device 102A to the SDI port of electronic device102B. The width of the command may specify how many serial pulses ofdata are to be used to represent the command. In turn, electronic device102B may serially propagate the command or data on to other electronicdevices such as electronic device 102C through the SDO port ofelectronic device 102B to the SDI port of electronic device 102C. Inturn, electronic device 102C may serially propagate the command or dataon to other electronic devices such as another electronic device (notshown) or to MCU 101 through the SDO port of electronic device 102C tothe MISO port of MCU 101.

Each of electronic devices 102 may be configured to propagate a NOP (ano-operation) command on its respective SDO port until the givenelectronic device 102 recognizes and identifies a predefined command onits respective SDI port that matches a known pattern that is differentthan a NOP command. A NOP command may be, for example, a series of logic0 bits. Once recognized and identified, the predefined command may beexecuted by respective electronic devices 102 when all bits of thepredefined command have been fully received on the SDI port. Eachelectronic device 102 may copy the predefined command that arrived onits SDI port to its SDO port in parallel with executing the predefinedcommand. This may facilitate propagation of the predefined commandthroughout the daisy chain with the least amount of delay andcommunication overhead.

The commands may be, for example, to read data. The data and a source ofthe data that is to be read may be designated by the command. Eachelectronic device 102 may monitor its SDI port for a read command, andthen for data read from others of electronic devices 102 or MCU 101(whichever is connected further up the daisy chain). Such data fromother electronic devices 102 or MCU 101 may need to be propagatedthrough the daisy chain though the SDO ports of electronic devices 102.The data may be propagated to the MISO port of MCU 101. The read commandmay be recognized by electronic device 102 as being the first commandreceived after a falling edge of the nCS signal that is identified andis different than NOP commands or signals.

Each electronic device 102 may be configured to perform the read commandby sending its own data (generated by executing the read command) on itsSDO port after having received and recognized the read command, andafter copying data of other of electronic devices 102 or MCU 101received on its SDI port to its SDO port. However, in otherimplementations, this might require the use of a buffer internal toelectronic device 102 and of a length equal to the length of datagenerated by each electronic device 102.

However, in embodiments of the present disclosure, electronic device 102may be configured, though SPI interface circuit 204 or any othersuitable circuitry, to determine the position of electronic device 102in the daisy chain. SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured to, forexample, count the number of NOPs received before the read command isrecognized. The position of the electronic device may be equal to thenumber of NOPs plus one, if the read command and NOPs are of the samesize. With the calculated or known position of electronic device 102 inthe daisy chain, electronic device 102 may be configured to recognizethe read command and start copying data from other electronic devices102 further up the daisy chain. Such data may be received on the SDIport and such data may be copied to the SDO port. After the receiveddata is copied, electronic device 102 may be configured to copy its owndata generated as a result of the read command on its SDO port. Thisoperation may require a small buffer, such as a single byte wherein readregisters are implemented with a one-byte input shift register. If thenumber of devices in the chain is given as ChainLength, the data on theMISO port of MCU 101, would be a quantity ChainLength of NOP commands,followed by the read command, followed by data from each of electronicdevices 102 in the daisy chain. In one embodiment, the data from each ofelectronic devices 102 may be streamed without any delay in data fromrespective ones of electronic devices 102 arriving at the MISO port ofMCU 101. In another embodiment, the order of data from respective onesof electronic devices 102 arriving at the MISO port of MCU 101 may bedata received from the first of electronic devices 102 in the daisychain ordered to the last of electronic devices 102 in the daisy chain.

The elements of the daisy chain may be configured to operate in a daisychain mode of operation or in a normal mode of operation. In daisy chainmode, commands and data may be propagated from the SDI port of a givenelectronic device 102 to its SDO port, so that other electronic devices102 in the daisy chain may receive and execute commands. In normal mode,commands and data might not be propagated from the SDI port of a givenelectronic devices 102 to its SDO port.

A given electronic device 102 may enter daisy chain mode from normalmode or exit daisy chain mode to normal mode upon any suitable signalsor commands. Such signals or commands may be provided by MCU 101. MCU101 may determine to set electronic devices 102 in daisy chain modebased upon any suitable condition or criteria.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed illustration of MCU 101 and electronic device102, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

MCU 101 may include a processor 205 communicatively coupled to a memory206. Processor 205 may include any suitable processor, and memory 206may be any suitable persistent or non-persistent memory. Not shown areany suitable number and kind of peripherals or auxiliary circuits usedby MCU 101 to perform whatever other tasks MCU 101 is designed toperform, such as an analog to digital converter (ADC) or register.Moreover, processor 205 may be configured to load and executeinstructions stored in memory 206 in order to perform any suitable task.

Electronic device 102 may include a processor 207 communicativelycoupled to a memory 208. Processor 207 may include any suitableprocessor, and memory 208 may be any suitable persistent ornon-persistent memory. Not shown are any suitable number and kind ofperipherals or auxiliary circuits used by electronic device 102 toperform whatever other tasks electronic device 102 is designed toperform, such as an ADC or register. Moreover, processor 207 may beconfigured to load and execute instructions stored in memory 208 inorder to perform any suitable task.

MCU 101 and electronic device 102 may each include respective SPIinterface circuits 202, 204. SPI interface circuits 202, 204 may beimplemented by analog circuitry, digital circuitry, logic, instructionsfor execution by a processor (such as processor 205, 207, respectively),or any suitable combination thereof. The specific implementation of SPIinterface circuits 202, 204 may be the same or different with respect toone another. In one embodiment, SPI interface circuits 202, 204 may beimplemented in a same manner and configured to operate differently basedupon, for example, a register or system or user setting. SPI interfacecircuit 202 may be configured to operate for the purposes of a masternode such as MCU 101 and SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured tooperate for the purposes of an electronic device such as electronicdevice 102.

In MCU 101, SPI interface circuit 202 may be configured to generateoutputs to SCK and CS ports. SPI interface circuit 202 may be configuredto generate outputs to send commands or data to electronic devices 102through its MOSI port. SPI interface circuit 202 may be configured toreceive data through its MISO port. SPI interface circuit 202 may beconfigured to generate outputs to SCK and CS ports to instructelectronic devices 102 to enter or exit different modes of operation.

In electronic device 102, SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured tomonitor inputs from SCK and CS ports of electronic device 102. In oneembodiment, SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured to monitor theCS port for indications of whether to reset itself, or to recognize andthen execute commands incoming on the SDI port and propagate output dataon the SDO port. When SPI interface circuit 204 resets itself, it mayreturn to a reset state in the state machine therein. Memory buffers ofreads or writes may be cleared. The SDO port may be set in highimpedance mode. Current might not be actively consumed. SDI and SCKsignals might not be internally routed. SPI interface circuit 204 mightremain waiting for an nCS falling edge to resume operation. However, abit or other information indicating whether electronic device 102 is ina streaming mode may be preserved, and not cleared, by an nCS risingedge. If such a bit or other information is not preserved, thenstreaming mode might need to be relaunched each time an nCS rising edgeis issued. Furthermore, when performing a read command, SPI interfacecircuit 204 may be configured to read data from a designated source andprovide its own data through the SDO port.

Electronic device 102 may include any suitable number and kind ofmechanisms for use with the operations of SPI interface circuit 204. Forexample, SPI interface circuit 204 may utilize a watchdog timer 203.Watchdog timer 203 may be implemented by any suitable combination ofdigital circuitry, analog circuitry, and logic, or any combinationthereof. For example, watchdog timer 203 may be implemented as a timerthat counts down each clock cycle from a set value and generates analert, signal, or other indicator that the number of clock cycles—andthus time—has elapsed. Watchdog timer 203 may be implemented in anysuitable manner as a timer that determines if a certain time haselapsed. For example, watchdog timer 203 may be implemented by comparingthe discharge of a charged capacitor, using the known discharge ratefrom the capacitor and comparing the charge of the capacitor with athreshold value. Moreover, watchdog timer 203 may be implemented as atimer without need of receiving CS or SCK signals. Although shownseparately from SPI interface circuit 204, watchdog timer 203 may beincorporated within SPI interface circuit 204. SPI interface circuit 204may be configured to set watchdog timer 203 upon detection of an nCSrising edge signal on the CS port, and to detect if and when watchdogtimer 203 expires. The value set in watchdog timer 203 may be a timeperiod for which electronic device 103 will wait after detection of annCS rising edge signal on the CS port without reception of a SCK clockchanged edge or additional nCS changed edge. Such a time period may begiven as TWatch. If a changed edge on the SCK port or a rising edge ofan nCS signal on the CS port are detected before expiration of watchdogtimer 203, SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured to return to adaisy chain mode without being in streaming mode. Routing of SCK or CSsignals may be provided directly to watchdog timer 203 or through SPIinterface circuit 204.

MCU 101 may include any suitable number and kind of mechanisms for usewith the operations of SPI interface circuit 202. For example, SPIinterface circuit 202 may utilize a watchdog timer 201. Watchdog timer201 may be implemented by any suitable combination of digital circuitry,analog circuitry, and logic, such as a timer that counts down each clockcycle from a set value and generates an alert, signal, or otherindicator that the number of clock cycles—and thus time—has elapsed.Although shown separately from SPI interface circuit 202, watchdog timer201 may be incorporated within SPI interface circuit 202. SPI interfacecircuit 202 may be configured to set watchdog timer 201 upon issuance ofcommands or CS signals to electronic devices 102. The value set inwatchdog timer 201 may be a time period for which MCU 101 will waitafter issuance of commands or CS signals to take further action, or toverify that the commands or CS signals were received correctly. Such atime period may be given as TMaster. Routing of SCK or CS signals may beprovided directly to watchdog timer 201 or through SPI interface circuit202.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are illustrations of timing diagrams of issuing a commandfor setting a streaming mode in a daisy chain in system 100, and thenperforming the reading of data in a streaming mode, according toembodiments of the present disclosure.

A streaming mode may include operation of electronic devices 102 tocontinuously read data. The data may be read from designated sources.The source for the read may also be specified by the command. Anysuitable source may be used. The source may be within or communicativelycoupled to electronic devices 102. For example, such sources may includea designated ADC within each electronic device 102 that is takingmeasurements or gathering data.

MCU 101 may cause system 100 to perform continuous reading of data so asto quickly gather such measurements or other collected information. MCU101 may cause these operations by issuing a command, such as a streamingmode entry command 314. Streaming mode entry command 314 may beimplemented as, for example, a one-byte instruction.

Entry into streaming mode may be based upon system 100 already enteringdaisy chain mode. Streaming mode operation may be a subset of daisychain operation. Entry may have been made into daisy chain mode usingany suitable process.

Streaming mode entry command 314 may instruct electronic devices 102 tocontinuously read data therein and stream output to MCU 101. Streamingmode entry command 314 may be sent from MCU 101 to the first ofelectronic devices 102 in the daisy chain configuration. In oneembodiment, each electronic device 102 may be configured to propagatestreaming mode entry command 314 to the next electronic device 102 (or,in the case of the last electronic device 102 of the daisy chain, to MCU101 on its MISO port) in the daisy chain. In another embodiment, afterpropagating streaming mode entry command 314, each electronic device 102may be configured to wait until receiving a subsequent signal to beginperforming streaming mode entry command 314. In one embodiment, such asubsequent signal may include two changed edges of a chip select signal,such as nCS, issued by MCU 101. From a first changed edge of the chipselect signal, such as a rising edge on the nCS signal, electronicdevice 102 may validate entry into streaming mode. From a second changededge of the chip select signal, such as a falling edge on the nCSsignal, electronic device 102 may begin performing the streaming modeoperations.

Streaming mode entry command 314 may be configured to cause electronicdevices 102 to, once initiated and executing, continually execute aseries of operations (such as reads) without interruption or additionalassertions of nCS, commands, or resets. Streaming mode entry command 314may be issued to a first electronic device 102 of the daisy chain, whichmay propagate streaming mode entry command 314 to the next electronicdevice 102 in the daisy chain. This propagation may continue untilstreaming mode entry command 314 is sent to MCU 101. MCU 101 may thensend a follow-up signal, such as two changed edges on an nCS signal onthe CS ports of each electronic device 102, which may then triggerreading of data in electronic devices 102 and propagating the resultingdata between electronic devices 102. Each electronic device 102, toperform the daisy chain streaming mode operation for reading data, mayread data on a data source in or communicatively coupled to electronicdevice 102, yielding a first data. Electronic device 102 may beconfigured to copy the first data to the next instance of electronicdevice 102. When not reading data within electronic device 102 andcopying results to the next instance of electronic device 102,electronic device 102 may be configured to copy its serial data input toits serial data output.

Graph 302 illustrates a plot of an nCS signal issued by MCU 101 andreceived by electronic devices 102. The nCS signal may be high (a logicone) initially. A falling edge of the nCS signal may be issued by MCU101 to a low value (a logic zero) and detected at each electronic device102. Thereafter, MCU 101 may issue clock signals via SCK to each ofelectronic devices. Elapsed time within the context of FIG. 3 may beexpressed in bytes, wherein a given byte represents eight clock pulses.Represented in FIG. 3 are SCK signals issued in eight-pulse blocks,represented as “8×”. Each such block may thus be a byte long.

Graph 304 illustrates a plot of an SCK signal issued by MCU 101 anddetected at each electronic device 102. During serial data transferbetween MCU 101 and electronic devices 102, each pulse of the SCK signalmay be used to transfer a single bit serially per serial data line.Thus, the block represented by “8×” may represent the time and clocksignals for transferring a single byte per serial data line.

Graph 306 illustrates a plot of signals issued by MCU 101 on its MOSIport and received by electronic device 102A on its SDI port, denoted asSDI1.

Graph 308 illustrates a plot of signals issued by electronic device 102Aon its SDO port, denoted as SDO1, and received by electronic device 102Bon its SDI port, denoted as SDI2.

Graph 310 illustrates a plot of signals issued by electronic device 102Bon its SDO port, denoted as SDO2, and received by electronic device 102Con its SDI port, denoted as SDI3.

Graph 312 illustrates a plot of signals issued by electronic device 102Con its SDO port, denoted as SDO3, and received by MCU 101 on its MISOport.

In one embodiment MCU 101 may be configured to command electronicdevices 102 to implement a streaming mode over two phases of signals toelectronic devices 102. The first phase may be a streaming mode entryphase, wherein MCU 101 configures electronic devices 102 to readythemselves for streaming mode entry command 314 to perform continuousstreaming operation such as a read. The first phase may be illustratedin FIG. 3. In the second phase, such a continuous read operation may beperformed, and thus be considered as a streaming data phase. The secondphase may be illustrated in FIG. 4. Graphs 302, 304, 306, 308, 310, 312are continued from FIG. 3 to FIG. 4.

The streaming mode entry phase and the streaming data phase may each bedefined fully or in part by assertions of nCS by MCU 101 in combinationwith issuance of streaming mode entry command 314. The streaming modeentry phase of FIG. 3 may be initiated by MCU 101 issuing a changed edgeof a signal to the CS ports of electronic devices 102. Such a changededge may be a falling edge of an nCS signal as shown in graph 302 inFIG. 3. The streaming mode entry phase may continue while MCU 101 holdsnCS at a logic zero level for a period of time. The streaming data phasemay end upon streaming mode entry command 314 propagating to eachelectronic device 102 and consequently MCU 101 issuing another changededge of a signal to the CS ports of electronic devices 102. Such achanged edge may be a rising edge of an nCS signal, as shown in graph302 in FIG. 3. In one embodiment, the rising edge of the nCS signal maybe coincident, simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous with when electronicdevice 102C, the last electronic device of the daisy chain, has fullyreceived streaming mode entry command 314. In another embodiment, therising edge of the nCS signal may instead be after electronic device102C has propagated streaming mode entry command 314 back to MCU 101,which may serve as an optional acknowledgment signal to the MISO port ofMCU 101.

During the streaming mode entry phase, each electronic device 102 maycalculate its own position within the daisy chain. This may be given asPosition. Each electronic device 102 may calculate the length of thedaisy chain, which may be the total number of electronic devices 102connected in the daisy chain. This may be given as ChainLength. Thedetermination of Position may be performed by counting the bytes (ifeach command is one byte long) between the nCS falling edge initiatingthe streaming mode entry phase and the end of the streaming mode entrycommand. Such a count may be made in any suitable manner, suchimplemented within SPI interface circuit 204 by a counter (not shown)connected to SCK and triggered by recognition of the streaming modeentry command at the SPI port. ChainLength may be determined by thenumber of bytes received in total during the streaming mode entry phase,if no acknowledgement is required by MCU 101, or by the number of bytesreceived in total during the streaming mode entry phase less one, if anacknowledgment is required to be received by MCU 101 on its MISO portbefore the nCS changed edge is performed. Whether or not anacknowledgement is required may be programmed or hardwired into eachelectronic device 102. ChainLength may determine instead in a specificphase before the streaming mode entry phase by any suitable mechanism.

Any suitable time may elapse between the end of the phase of FIG. 3 andthe phase of FIG. 4. During this time, as nCS is maintained at a logichigh, electronic devices 102 are kept in a reset state wherein eachelectronic device 102 has its SDO port placed in high impedance.Moreover, SDI and SCK ports are not active and may be disabled. However,an indicator that streaming mode has been enabled may be set on eachelectronic device 102. This may include, for example, a register value.The indicator may be used by electronic device 102 to determine thatelectronic device 102 is in daisy chain streaming mode.

In FIG. 4, data streaming may be initiated by MCU 101 issuing a changededge of a signal to the CS ports of electronic devices 102. Such achanged edge may be a falling edge of the nCS signal, as shown in graph302 in FIG. 4. The data streaming may continue while MCU 101 holds nCSat a logic zero level for a period of time. Subsequently, electronicdevices 102 may stream data according to the command, as discussed infurther detail below. In one embodiment, data streaming may end upon MCU101 issuing another changed edge of a signal to the CS ports ofelectronic devices 102. However, in another embodiment, such a changededge of the signal to the CS ports of electronic devices 102 might notend a data streaming mode altogether. In such an embodiment, a changededge of the signal to the CS ports of electronic devices 102, such as arising edge of the nCS signal, might cause electronic devices 102 tostop streaming data. Nevertheless, in a further embodiment electronicdevices 102 may remain in streaming mode while pausing the actualstreaming of data. Electronic devices 102 may remain configured tostream data and may await a signal from MCU 101 to resume streamingdata. For example, upon issuance of another changed edge of the signalto the CS ports of electronic devices 102, such as a falling edge of thenCS signal (not shown), electronic devices 102 may resume streamingdata. Such resumption might not require reissuance of streaming modeentry command 314. Data streaming mode may end upon a reset signal byMCU 101. The reset signal may be sent by MCU 101 in any suitable manner,such as expiration of a watchdog timer without any activity from MCU101, or to send an nCS low pulse without an accompanied SCK pulse.

As shown in FIG. 3, MCU 101 may be configured to issue streaming modeentry command 314 to each of electronic devices 102 via a daisy chaintransfer. In a further embodiment, streaming mode entry command 314 maybe a read command. In yet a further embodiment, no data might be read byelectronic devices 102 until all electronic devices 102 have receivedstreaming mode entry command 314. In another embodiment, as shown inFIG. 4, electronic devices 102 may be configured to continuously performthe data operation specified by streaming mode entry command 314. In afurther embodiment, electronic devices 102 may be configured tocontinuously stream data that is read from electronic devices 102 to MCU101. Based upon the receipt of streaming mode entry command 314 atelectronic devices 102 as shown in FIG. 3, electronic devices 102 maycontinuously perform streaming mode entry command 314 based oninitiation of data streaming by a second falling edge of nCS provided byMCU 101 as shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 3, MCU 101 may issue streaming mode entry command 314to electronic device 102A. Streaming mode entry command 314 may specifythat that the recipient instance of electronic device 102 is tocontinuously read data after a rising edge of nCS and then anotherfalling edge of nCS are received by electronic device 102. The locationfrom which data will be read may be implied or included in streamingmode entry command 314. Electronic device 102A may finish readingstreaming mode entry command 314 through its SDI1 port.

As shown in graph 308, after reading streaming mode entry command 314through its SDI1 port, electronic device 102A may begin writingstreaming mode entry command 314 on its SDO1 port to electronic device102B on its SDI2 port.

As shown in graph 310, after reading streaming mode entry command 314through its SDI2 port, electronic device 102B may begin writingstreaming mode entry command 314 on its SDO2 port to electronic device102C on its SDI3 port.

Electronic device 102C might not write streaming mode entry command 314on its SDO3 port to MCU 101 on its MISO port, because MCU 101 mayinterrupt this process by issuing a changed edge on the nCS signal onthe CS ports of electronic devices 102. In some cases, an attempt byelectronic device 102C to so-write streaming mode entry command 314 maybe simply ignored by MCU 101, or used as validation that electronicdevice 102C received streaming mode entry command 314 successfully.

The changed edge, such as a rising edge, issued by MCU 101 on the nCSsignal on the CS ports of electronic devices 102 may cause eachelectronic device 102 to output a high impedance value to its respectiveSDO port.

In one embodiment, each of electronic devices 102 may be configured to,upon receipt of streaming mode entry command 314, thereafter provide adefault output (such as a logical low level) to its respective SDO port.The rising edge of the nCS signal may be a signal issued by MCU 101 thatstreaming mode entry command 314 has propagated to each of electronicdevices 102.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4, the falling edge of the nCS signal maybe a signal issued by MCU 101 that data streaming may begin, and thatdata is to be subsequently read from electronic devices 102. The fallingedge of the nCS signal may be performed as soon as possible after thelast instance of electronic devices 102 in the daisy chain (such aselectronic device 102C) has received streaming mode entry command 314,as shown in FIG. 3.

Returning to FIG. 4, and in order to propagate information that has beenread according to streaming mode entry command 314, electronic devices102 may utilize their position in the daisy chain. Electronic devices102 may calculate their position (Position) in the daisy chain in anysuitable manner. Furthermore, electronic devices 102 may calculate whento subsequently add their data to the propagation of information throughthe daisy chain in any suitable manner. Such calculations may beperformed by, for example, instances of SPI interface circuit 204 basedon values of arrival times of CS signals, as discussed above, To performthese calculations, electronic devices 102 may use the length of thedata (DataLength) to be read in a single contiguous block by a givenelectronic device 102, the length of the daisy chain (the number ofelectronic devices 102, ChainLength), the Position of the respectiveelectronic device 102 in the daisy chain.

The length of the data to be read in a single contiguous block by agiven electronic device 102 may be specified by or implied by streamingmode entry command 314. For example, in FIG. 4 the length of data to beread in a single contiguous block by a given electronic device 102 maybe three bytes. As discussed above, this length may be referenced asDataLength.

The position (Position1) of electronic device 102A may be calculated astwo positions from the end of the daisy chain. The position (Position2)of electronic device 102B may be calculated as one position from the endof the daisy chain. The position (Position3) of electronic device 102Cmay be calculated as zero, and the last position at the end of the daisychain.

In one embodiment, electronic devices 102 may propagate their newly readdata to other electronic devices 102 and MCU 101 in a reverse ordercompared to the order of electronic devices 102 in the daisy chain. Forexample, data populated and propagated through the daisy chain andarriving back at MCU 101 may first include data from electronic device102C, then electronic device 102B, and then electronic device 102A.However, in various embodiments, the normal order of electronic devices102 in the daisy chain may be used for ordering data, wherein datapopulated and propagated through the daisy chain and arriving back atMCU 101 may match the order of electronic devices 102 in the daisychain. In such a case, the Position might be defined instead as therelative position of the given electronic device to the beginning of thedaisy chain.

Once the Position of a given electronic device 102 is known to the givenelectronic device 102, the given electronic device 102 may thencalculate when to begin propagating its own data to the rest of thedaisy chain during data streaming. Such a timing of when to copy its owndata into the daisy chain may be expressed as an offset from the receiptof a falling edge of nCS shown in FIG. 4. Such a calculation may beperformed so that each of electronic devices 102 only transmit data atan appropriate time, when such a transmission will not interfere withother electronic devices 102 in the daisy chain. The interferences maybe prevented even when such other electronic devices 102 are before orafter the given electronic device 102 in the daisy chain. GivenDataLength (three bytes for each read) and an individual value ofPosition, each electronic device 102 may copy its own data into thedaisy chain at a time in phase 842 given by (Position*(DataLength−1)).Thus, electronic device 102A may copy its own data into the daisy chainat (Position1*(3−1)), calculated as (2(3−1)), resulting in four bytes.Electronic device 102B may copy its own data into the daisy chain at(Position2(3−1)), calculated as (1*2), resulting in two bytes.Electronic device 102C may copy its own data into the daisy chain at(Position3*(3−1)), calculated as (0*2), resulting in zero bytes. Newdata may be copied consecutively, reoccurring in a period given by(ChainLength*Datalength), or nine bytes in the case of FIG. 4.Electronic device 102 is thus configured to output its locally read datato its serial data output port at a time based upon a delay betweenreception of streaming mode entry command through its serial data inputport and a second changed edge of a chip select signal on its chipselect input port.

Such calculations of an offset of time of when an electronic device 102is to copy its own data into the daisy chain may be performed at anytime after the electronic device 102 is placed in streaming mode, but inany case before data is actually streamed.

A given electronic device 102 may be configured to copy its own dataperiodically at certain positions determined by the offset and theperiod. Otherwise, the given electronic device 102 may be configured tosimply copy the contents at its SDI port to its SDO port with a 1 bytedelay. This effectively copies the previous data incoming fromelectronic devices 102 further up the daisy chain.

In FIG. 4, upon the falling edge of the nCS signal, may begin readingthe specified data, providing such data to others of electronic devices102 and MCU 101, and propagating data from others of electronic devices102 to still others of electronic devices 102 and MCU 101. The output ofMOSI to SDI1 may be ignored. Electronic devices 102 may issue a defaultvalue, such as zero, when not otherwise propagating issued data.

As shown in graph 308, electronic device 102A may begin providing itsnewly read data to electronic device 102B according its specific offset,whose calculation is discussed above. The offset may be sufficient forelectronic device 102A to allow electronic devices 102B, 104C to addtheir own newly read data to the data stream to be sent to MCU 101. Inone embodiment, the offset may cause electronic device 102A to delaysending its newly added data until sufficient room will be available fordata of electronic devices 102B, 104C to be included in the data streamby the time the newly read data for electronic device 102A haspropagated through such electronic devices 102B, 104C.

For example, as shown in graph 308, electronic device 102A may read dataaccording to streaming mode entry command 314, yielding data 402. Theoffset may be four bytes. Thus, electronic device 102A may wait untilfour bytes have elapsed after the falling edge of the nCS signal, andbegin writing data 820 to electronic device 102B. Data 402 may be threebytes long.

Subsequently, electronic device 102A may again read data and beginwriting the newly read data. This newly read data may be referred to asdata 408. Electronic device 102A may begin writing data 408 at a time of(ChainLength*DataLength), or nine bytes, after electronic device 102Awrote its newly read data the first time. If not otherwise stopped byMCU 101, electronic device 102A may repeat this process of reading newdata and writing the newly read data to electronic device 102B everynine bytes.

As shown in graph 310, electronic device 102B may begin providing itsnewly read data to electronic device 102C according to its specificoffset, whose calculation is discussed above. The offset may besufficient for electronic device 102B to allow electronic device 102C toadd its own newly read data to the data stream to be sent to MCU 101. Inone embodiment, the offset may cause electronic device 102B to delaysending its newly added data until sufficient room will be available forall data of electronic devices 102 to be included in the data stream bythe time the newly read data for electronic device 102B has propagatedthrough the daisy chain.

For example, as shown in graph 310, initially there may be no data fromelectronic device 102A for electronic device 102B to propagate. Thus,electronic device 102B may output a logic low signal through its SDO2port to electronic device 102C. Electronic device 102B may read dataaccording to streaming mode entry command 314, yielding data 404. Theoffset may be two bytes. Thus, electronic device 102B may wait until twobytes have elapsed from the falling edge of the nCS signal, and beginwriting data 404 to electronic device 102C. Data 404 may be three byteslong. Meanwhile, data 402 may have arrived from electronic device 102A.Upon completion of writing data 404 to electronic device 102C,electronic device 102B may begin propagating the received data 402 fromelectronic device 102A to electronic device 102C. Subsequently,electronic device 102B might continue to propagate the low logic signalfrom electronic device 102A to electronic device 102C.

Electronic device 102B may again read data and begin writing the newlyread data. This newly read data may be referred to as data 410.Electronic device 102B may begin writing data 410 to electronic device102C at a time of (ChainLength*DataLength), or nine bytes, afterelectronic device 102B first began writing data 404. If not otherwisestopped by MCU 101, electronic device 102B may repeat this process ofreading new data and writing the newly read data to electronic device102C every nine bytes. Furthermore, electronic device 102B may againpropagate received data from electronic device 102A to electronic device102C, such as data 408.

As shown in graph 312, electronic device 102C may begin providing itsnewly read data to MCU 101 according to its specific offset, whosecalculation is discussed above. The offset for electronic device 102Cmay be zero, so electronic device 102C may immediately begin providingits newly read data to MCU 101. A delay shown in FIG. 4 may result fromthe time needed to receive the falling edge of the nCS signal.Electronic device 102C may read data according to streaming mode entrycommand 314, yielding data 406. Data 406 may be three bytes long, may bewritten to MCU 101. Meanwhile, data 404 may have arrived from electronicdevice 102B. Upon completion of writing data 406 to MCU 101, electronicdevice 102C may begin propagating the received data 404 from electronicdevice 102B to MCU 101. Meanwhile, data 402 (originally generated byelectronic device 102A) may have arrived from electronic device 102B.Upon completion of writing data 404 to MCU 101, electronic device 102Cmay begin propagating data 402 to MCU 101.

Without any gap in transmission, or any further received commands orsignals from MCU 101, such as on the serial data input port or chipselect input port, electronic device 102C may repeat reading data fromits data source to yield data, outputting this yielded data to itsserial data output port, and copying data received at its serial datainput port to the serial data output port. Electronic device 102C mayagain read data and begin writing the newly read data. This newly readdata may be referred to as data 412. Electronic device 102C may beginwriting data 412 to MCU 101 at a time of (ChainLength*DataLength), ornine bytes, after electronic device 102C first began writing data 406.If not otherwise stopped by MCU 101, electronic device 102C may repeatthis process of reading new data and writing the newly read data to MCU101 every nine bytes. Furthermore, electronic device 102C may againpropagate received data 410 from electronic device 102B to MCU 101,followed by data 408 originating from electronic device 102A andreceived from electronic device 102B. Since there is no gap intransmission, the transmission may be improved or optimized, and thismay reduce the effect of communication overhead, such as the need topropagate the read command.

As a result, MCU 101 may receive a continuous stream of data being readby electronic devices 102. The continuous stream may include a pluralityof instances of read data from each electronic device 102. Moreover,such a continuous stream of data may be established by sending streamingmode entry command 314 once, followed by two changed edges of the CSsignal. Additional sending of streaming mode entry command 314 orchanged edges of the CS signal may be unnecessary for electronic devices102 to continue reading data and sending it to MCU 101. MCU 101 maycontinue to receive as many cycles of read data from electronic devices102 as needed. MCU 101 may be configured to pause, unpause and restart,or stop the continuous stream of data in any suitable manner. In oneembodiment, this pausing, and subsequent unpausing and restarting may beperformed without requiring additional commands to be propagated throughthe daisy chain. The absence of such additional commands needed for thisfunctionality may reduce communication overhead.

In one embodiment, MCU 101 may be configured to pause the continuousstream of data by issuing a changed CS signal to electronic devices 102as shown in FIG. 4. As a result, electronic devices 102 may beconfigured to pause outputting their read data and propagating receiveddata based upon the changed CS signal. In another embodiment, MCU 101may be configured to unpause and restart the continuous stream of databy issuing another changed CS signal to electronic devices 102. As aresult, electronic devices 102 may be configured to resume outputtingtheir read data and propagating received data based upon the changed CSsignal.

For example, in FIG. 4, MCU 101 may issue a rising edge on an nCS signalto the CS ports of electronic devices 102. Each of electronic devices102 may apply a high impedance to their SDO ports. In some cases, therising edge on the nCS signal may arrive while electronic devices 102are still reading and propagating data. If so, the effect of the risingedge on the nCS signal may be postponed until the presently executingread commands are finished executing and all data has been propagatedthrough the daisy chain to MCU 101. After the rising edge on the nCSsignal, each electronic device 102 may remain in daisy chain streamingmode, ready for streaming of data upon issuance of a subsequent fallingedge on the nCS signal. MCU 101 may pause operations for any suitablelength of time. Upon such a subsequent falling edge on the nCS signal,electronic devices 102 may return to operating in the manner illustratedin FIG. 4.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are illustrations of operation of a method 500 for daisychain streaming, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Inparticular, method 500 may illustrate operation electronic device 102.Method 500 may be implemented within, for example, SPI interface circuit204 Method 500 may include fewer or more steps, may enter steps in adifferent order, repeat steps, or enter different step paths in parallelwith respect to one another. Method 500 may begin at any suitable step,such as step 505.

At step 505, the electronic device, such as electronic device 102, maypower-up. After performing any necessary boot or start-up tasks, method500 may enter step 510. Step 505 may reflect normal operation forelectronic device 102, when electronic device 102 is not propagating itsinputs to its outputs in a daisy chain manner, nor sending such data tobe propagated in a daisy chain manner.

At step 515, SPI interface circuit 204 may be configured to determinewhether electronic device 102 is to enter daisy chain mode. SPIinterface circuit 204 may make such a determination in any suitablemanner. If so, method 500 may proceed to step 520. Otherwise, method 500may repeat step 510 to operate in normal mode daisy chain mode.

At step 520, a falling edge on an nCS signal may be observed.Thereafter, a streaming mode entry command may be received. Electronicdevice 102 may count the time between the falling edge and receipt ofthe streaming mode entry command, and the time between the falling edgeand a subsequent rising edge, in order to calculate the position ofelectronic device 102 within the daisy chain. At step 525, the streamingmode entry command may be propagated to other electronic devices 102 inthe daisy chain.

At step 530, it may be determined whether there has been a receipt of arising nCS signal, which may indicate that each electronic device 102 inthe daisy chain has received the streaming mode entry command. If nosuch signal has been received, method 500 may repeat step 530.Otherwise, if such a signal has been received, method 500 may proceed tostep 535.

At step 535, a delay between the time of the falling edge of step 520and the rising edge observed in step 530 may be used to calculate thelength of the daisy chain and the position of electronic device 102 inthe daisy chain. These may be used in turn to determine an offset ofwhen the electronic device is to copy its own read data into the daisychain, as well as an offset of how often the electronic device is tocopy its own read data into the daisy chain.

At step 540, it may be determined whether MCU 101 has issued an nCSfalling edge, thus starting data streaming mode, or, if data streamingmode was previously paused, resuming data streaming mode. If not, method500 may repeat step 540. If so, method 500 may proceed to step 545.

At step 545, it may be determined whether data streaming mode is to end.This may be determined by first setting a watchdog timer. In step 545,it may be determined whether the watchdog timer expires before a changededge of the SCK signal or a changed edge of an nCS signal is received.The failure to receive such a changed edge may be interpreted as a resetsignal. If the watchdog timer expires and there are no changed edges ofthe SCK or nCS signals, method 500 may proceed to step 550 to exitstreaming mode. The watchdog timer may time a period given as Twatch,which may be, for expel, 50 microseconds. Otherwise, method 500 mayproceed to step 555. Step 545 may be performed at any point after step520, such as after any SCK edge, and preferably after step 540. In step550, the electronic device may exit streaming mode return to step 520,reentering to normal daisy chain mode as opposed to streaming mode.

At step 555, previous data may be read by the electronic device. Anydata received at the electronic device may be propagated to the nextelectronic device in the daisy chain. Data at the SDI port of theelectronic device may be copied to the SDO port. The data to be read bythe electronic device itself may be read.

At step 560, it may be determined whether the offset equal to(Position*(DataLength−1) has been reached. If so, method 500 may proceedto step 565. If not, method 500 may repeat at step 555.

At step 565, the data read by the electronic device during performanceof the read command may be copied to the next electronic device in thedaisy chain. This data may be placed on the SDO port of the electronicdevice. The data transfer may last for DataLength bytes.

At step 570, it may be determined whether or not this data transferinitiated at step 565 has finished. If the read data has been copied onthe SDO port of the electronic device, method 500 may proceed to step575. Otherwise, method 500 may repeat step 570.

At step 575, the electronic device may resume copying and propagatingany received data on its SDI port from electronic devices further up thedaisy chain. This may be an operation similar to step 555.

At step 580, the electronic device may determine whether a period haselapsed since the beginning of the previous instance of writing its ownread data to its SDO port. This period may be defined asChainLength*DataLength If so, method 500 may repeat at step 565.Otherwise, method 500 may repeat at step 580.

In parallel with, before, or after any of steps 540, 550, 555, 560, 565,570, 575, or 580, step 585 may be performed. At step 585, it may bedetermined whether a pause signal, such as an nCS rising edge, has beenreceived. If so, reading and copying to the SDO port may be paused. TheSDO port may be placed to high impedance. SDI and SCK ports may bedisabled. The electronic device may remain in streaming mode. Method 500may return to step 540. Execution of present instances of steps 540,550, 555, 560, 565, 570, 575, and 580 may be terminated. At step 540, itmay be determined in a resume or unpause signal, such as an nCS fallingedge, has been received.

Otherwise, at step 585, method 500 may return to continue to executesteps 540, 550, 555, 560, 565, 570, 575, and 580.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of operation of another method 600 for daisychain streaming mode entry and command execution, according toembodiments of the present disclosure. In particular, method 600 mayillustrate operation of MCU 101. Method 600 may be implemented within,for example, SPI interface circuit 202. Method 600 may include fewer ormore states, may enter states in a different order, repeat states, orenter different state paths in parallel with respect to one another.Method 600 may be implemented by, for example, a state machine in SPIinterface circuit 202. Method 600 may begin at any suitable step, suchas step 1005.

At step 605, the MCU, such as MCU 101, may power-up. After performingany necessary boot or start-up tasks, method 600 may enter step 610.Step 610 may reflect normal operation for MCU 101, when MCU 101 is notsending data to electronic devices 102 in a daisy chain manner, norreceiving such data propagated in a daisy chain manner.

At step 615, an interface circuit of the MCU, such as SPI interfacecircuit 202, may be configured to determine whether to put electronicdevices 102 into a daisy chain mode. If not, method 600 may return tostep 610. Otherwise, method 600 may proceed to step 620. At step 620,the MCU may place electronic devices in the daisy chain into a daisychain mode. Step 620 may be performed in any suitable manner. At step625, an interface circuit of the MCU, such as SPI interface circuit 202,may be configured to determine whether to put electronic devices 102into a daisy chain streaming mode of operation based upon a needed daisychain operation. If so, method 600 may proceed to step 630. Otherwise,method 600 may repeat at step 620.

At step 630, a streaming mode entry command may be issued, andpropagation of the command may be awaited.

At step 635, a signal such as a rising edge of an nCS signal may beissued to electronic devices 102 to signal that the command haspropagated to each electronic device. SPI interface circuit 202 may waitfor reception of the signal by electronic devices 102.

At step 640, a signal such as a falling edge of an nCS signal may beissued to electronic devices 102 to signal that electronic devices 102are to begin daisy chain streaming mode, according to the command.

At step 645, data may be read from electronic devices 102 as it arrivesfrom the end of the daisy chain.

At step 650, it may be determined whether electronic devices 102 shouldpause their operation. If so, method 600 may proceed to step 655.Otherwise, method 600 may return to step 645.

At step 655, a signal such as a rising edge of an nCS signal may beissued to electronic devices 102 to signal that they are to pause theirreading and copying operation.

At step 660, it may be determined whether operation of electronicdevices 102 is to resume. If not, method 600 may repeat step 660. If so,method 600 may proceed to step 665.

At step 665, a signal such as a falling edge of an nCS signal may beissued to electronic devices 102 to signal that they are to resumereading and propagating data. Method 600 may return to step 640.

In parallel with, before, or after any of steps 645, 650, 655, 660, and665, method 600 may perform step 670. In step 670, it may be determinedwhether data streaming mode is to be exited. If so, method 600 mayproceed to step 675. Otherwise, method 600 may continue to execute steps645, 650, 655, 660, and 665.

At step 675, the streaming mode may be exited in any suitable manner.The electronic devices may be commanded to exit streaming mode. Forexample, the MCU might not send an nCS or SCK pulse to the electronicdevices for a period timed by watchdog timers of the electronic devices.Method 600 may return to step 625.

Although example embodiments have been described above, other variationsand embodiments may be made from this disclosure without departing fromthe spirit and scope of these embodiments.

We claim:
 1. An apparatus, comprising: a serial data input portconfigured to receive input from a first electronic device; a serialdata output port configured to send output to a second electronicdevice; a chip select input port configured to receive input from amaster control unit; and an interface circuit configured to, in a daisychain streaming mode, based on a single instance of a first receivedcommand and on a first changed edge of a chip select signal on the chipselect input port, repeatedly: read data from a data source of theapparatus to yield first data; output the first data to the serial dataoutput port; and copy data received at the serial data input port to theserial data output port after the first data.
 2. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the interface circuit is further configured to repeat,without another reception of a second command or additional signalsreceived on the chip select input port, the reading data from the datasource to yield first data, outputting the first data to the serial dataoutput port, and copying data received at the serial data input port tothe serial data output port.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theinterface circuit is further configured to enter the daisy chainstreaming mode based upon: reception of the first received commandthrough the serial data input port; and subsequently, reception of oneor more second changed edges of the chip select signal on the chipselect input port.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the interfacecircuit is further configured to output the first data to the serialdata output port at a time based upon a position of the apparatus in adaisy chain of electronic devices, a length of data to be read by theapparatus, or a number of electronic devices in the daisy chain ofelectronic devices.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interfacecircuit is further configured to pause the repeatedly outputting thefirst data to the serial data output port and copying data received atthe serial data input port to the serial data output port based upon asecond changed edge of the chip select signal on the chip select inputport.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the interface circuit isfurther configured to resume the repeatedly outputting the first data tothe serial data output port and copying data received at the serial datainput port to the serial data output port based upon a third changededge of the chip select signal on the chip select input port.
 7. Anapparatus, comprising: a serial data output port configured to sendoutput data to a first electronic device; a serial data input portconfigured to receive input data from a second electronic device; a chipselect output port configured to send output to a plurality ofelectronic devices, the plurality of electronic devices connected in adaisy chain and including the first and second electronic devices; andan interface circuit, configured to: set the plurality of electronicdevices in a daisy chain streaming mode with: a first command issuedthrough the serial data output port; and a first changed edge on a chipselect signal issued through the chip select output port; wherein, inthe daisy chain streaming mode, each given electronic device isconfigured to, based on a single received instance of the first command,repeatedly: read data from a data source of the given electronic deviceto yield first data; output the first data to a next electronic devicein the daisy chain; and output a received data received from a previouselectronic device in the daisy chain to the next electronic device inthe daisy chain; through the serial data input port, receive acontinuous and uninterrupted stream of data read by the plurality ofelectronic devices, the continuous and uninterrupted stream of dataincluding at least two instances of first data from each of theplurality of electronic devices.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, whereinthe interface circuit is further configured to cause the plurality ofelectronic devices to repeatedly provide the continuous anduninterrupted stream of data without issuance of a second command oradditional signals on the chip select output port.
 9. The apparatus ofclaim 7, wherein the interface circuit is further configured to causethe plurality of electronic devices to enter the daisy chain streamingmode based upon issuance of a second changed edge on a chip selectsignal issued through the chip select output port.
 10. The apparatus ofclaim 7, wherein the interface circuit is further configured to causethe plurality of electronic devices to output the first data to theserial data output port at a time based upon a position of a respectiveelectronic device in the daisy chain of electronic devices, a length ofdata to be read by each electronic devices, or a number of electronicdevices in the daisy chain of electronic devices.
 11. The apparatus ofclaim 7, wherein the interface circuit is further configured to pausethe daisy chain streaming mode by issuing a second changed edge of thechip select signal on the chip select output port.
 12. The apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the interface circuit is further configured to resumethe daisy chain streaming mode by issuing a third changed edge of thechip select signal on the chip select output port.
 13. A method,comprising: a serial data input port, receiving input from a firstelectronic device; through a serial data output port, sending output toa second electronic device; through a chip select input port, receivinginput from a master control unit; and in a daisy chain streaming mode,based on a single instance of a first received command and on a firstchanged edge of a chip select signal on the chip select input port,repeatedly: reading data from a data source of the apparatus to yieldfirst data; outputting the first data to the serial data output port;and copying data received at the serial data input port to the serialdata output port after the first data.
 14. The method of claim 13,further comprising repeating, without another reception of a secondcommand or additional signals received on the chip select input port,the steps of reading data from the data source to yield first data,outputting the first data to the serial data output port, and copyingdata received at the serial data input port to the serial data outputport.
 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising outputting thefirst data to the serial data output port at a time based upon aposition of the apparatus in a daisy chain of electronic devices, alength of data to be read by the apparatus, or a number of electronicdevices in the daisy chain of electronic devices.
 16. The method ofclaim 15, further comprising pausing the steps of repeatedly outputtingthe first data to the serial data output port and copying data receivedat the serial data input port to the serial data output port based upona second changed edge of the chip select signal on the chip select inputport.
 17. A method, comprising: through a serial data output port,sending output data to a first electronic device; through a serial datainput port, receiving input data from a second electronic device;through a chip select output port, sending output to a plurality ofelectronic devices, the plurality of electronic devices connected in adaisy chain and including the first and second electronic devices;setting the plurality of electronic devices in a daisy chain streamingmode with: a first command issued through the serial data output port;and a first changed edge on a chip select signal issued through the chipselect output port; wherein, in the daisy chain streaming mode, eachgiven electronic device, based on a single instance of the firstcommand, repeatedly: reads data from a data source of the givenelectronic device to yield first data; outputs the first data to a nextelectronic device in the daisy chain; and outputs a received datareceived from a previous electronic device in the daisy chain to thenext electronic device in the daisy chain; and through the serial datainput port, receiving a continuous and uninterrupted stream of data readby the plurality of electronic devices, the continuous and uninterruptedstream of data including at least two instances of first data from eachof the plurality of electronic devices.
 18. The method of claim 17,further comprising causing the plurality of electronic devices to enterthe daisy chain streaming mode based upon issuance of a second changededge on a chip select signal issued through the chip select output port.19. The method of claim 17, further comprising causing the plurality ofelectronic devices to output the first data to the serial data outputport at a time based upon a position of a respective electronic devicein the daisy chain of electronic devices, a length of data to be read byeach electronic devices, or a number of electronic devices in the daisychain of electronic devices.
 20. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising pausing the daisy chain streaming mode by issuing a secondchanged edge of the chip select signal on the chip select output port.